This study aims to design and explain a context-based and systematic quadruple helix collaboration model among industry, university, government, and society to foster technological entrepreneurship in the food industry of Mashhad. This research adopted an interpretive paradigm with an inductive qualitative approach using grounded theory methodology. Data were collected through 18 semi-structured interviews with senior experts from industry, academia, and government and analyzed using MAXQDA software. Credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability were ensured throughout the research process. The analysis resulted in 68 main categories and 221 subcategories organized into six major dimensions: causal conditions, core phenomenon, contextual conditions, intervening factors, strategies, and consequences. The final model reveals that quadruple helix collaboration represents a complex, multi-level, and dynamic system requiring institutional synergy, mutual trust, effective knowledge management, coordinated policymaking, and sustainable monitoring mechanisms. The proposed model provides a comprehensive theoretical–practical framework for policymakers, industrial managers, and academic leaders to enhance technological innovation, sustainable development, and social capital.