طراحی مدل الزامات مدیریت اکوتوریسم با استفاده از روش سوآرا و دیمتل
کلمات کلیدی:
الزامات, مدیریت اکوتوریسم, روش سوآرا, روش دیمتل, توسعه پایدار, سلیمانیه عراقچکیده
هدف این پژوهش شناسایی، اولویتبندی و تحلیل روابط علّی میان الزامات مدیریت اکوتوریسم در شهر سلیمانیه عراق با بهرهگیری از روشهای SWARA و DEMATEL بود. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از حیث روش، توصیفی ـ تحلیلی بود. جامعه آماری شامل 25 نفر از خبرگان حوزه گردشگری و دانشگاهی آشنا با مدیریت اکوتوریسم در استان سلیمانیه عراق بود که بهصورت هدفمند و با روش گلولهبرفی انتخاب شدند. در مرحله نخست، با مرور ادبیات و پیشینه پژوهش، 48 زیرمعیار در قالب پنج بعد برنامهریزی، سازماندهی، هدایت، هماهنگی و نظارت استخراج شد. سپس با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی، 24 الزام نهایی مورد تأیید خبرگان قرار گرفت. برای تعیین میزان اهمیت الزامات از روش SWARA و برای تحلیل روابط علّی و معلولی میان آنها از روش DEMATEL استفاده شد. دادهها از طریق پرسشنامه نیمهساختاریافته جمعآوری و با بهرهگیری از تحلیلهای تصمیمگیری چندمعیاره پردازش شدند. نتایج تحلیل SWARA نشان داد که «تعریف و شفافسازی اهداف بلندمدت و کوتاهمدت»، «نظارت بر رعایت دستورالعملها» و «تعیین اولویتهای توسعه گردشگری بر اساس تحلیل ریسک» مهمترین الزامات مدیریت اکوتوریسم هستند. همچنین نتایج DEMATEL بیانگر آن بود که متغیرهای «تعریف و شفافسازی اهداف»، «هدایت مبتنی بر مدیریت منابع پایدار» و «هدایت بر اساس ارتباط مؤثر با ذینفعان» بیشترین نقش علّی و تأثیرگذاری را در سیستم دارند. در مقابل، «کنترل اثرات زیستمحیطی»، «پیشبینی و برنامهریزی زیرساختها و خدمات گردشگری» و «نظارت بر رعایت دستورالعملها» بیشترین میزان تأثیرپذیری را نشان دادند. یافتهها نشان داد که تحقق مؤثر مدیریت اکوتوریسم وابسته به طراحی منسجم پیشرانهای مدیریتی و هماهنگی میان نهادهای مرتبط است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که مدیریت اکوتوریسم در سلیمانیه دارای ساختاری چندبعدی و شبکهای از روابط علّی و معلولی است که در آن عوامل راهبردی و مدیریتی نقش تعیینکنندهای در تحقق توسعه پایدار گردشگری دارند. مدل پیشنهادی این پژوهش میتواند به مدیران و سیاستگذاران صنعت گردشگری در شناسایی اولویتها، تخصیص بهینه منابع، تقویت هماهنگی نهادی و کاهش پیامدهای زیستمحیطی کمک کند و بستری مناسب برای توسعه پایدار اکوتوریسم در منطقه فراهم سازد.
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حق نشر 2025 Amir Mohammad Fakoor Saghih; Mohammad Abdulhussein Kadhim Al-Fayyadh, Mohammad Mehraeen, Ghasem Eslami (Author)

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