نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه ارزیابی سیاستها و پایش علم، فناوری و نوآوری، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار، اقتصاد و تامین مالی علم، فناوری و نوآوری، پژوهشکده ملی سیاست گذاری علمی، تهران 1435894461، ایران
3 استادیار، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، مازندران، ایران
4 دانشجوی سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، مازندران، ایران
چکیده
همکاری بین دانشگاه و صنعت به معنای عبور از مرزهای قانونی، سازمانی و سایر مرزهای فرهنگی بین طرفین است. در میان اشکال مختلف مشارکت بینسازمانی، همکاری بین دانشگاه و صنعت به عنوان یک گزینه بالقوه قدرتمند برای تحریک پیشرفتهای فناوری و نوآوری از طریق افزایش جریان دانش در بخشهای مختلف صنعتی و تحریک سرمایهگذاریهای بخش خصوصی در تحقیق و توسعه مطرح شده است. همکاری دانشگاه و صنعت (UIC) را میتوان به عنوان یک تکنیک برد-برد در نظر گرفت که به نفع هر دو طرف میباشد. دانشگاهها اخیراً شاهد کاهش بودجه عمومی و افزایش رقابت سایر سازمانهای تحقیقاتی بودهاند. در نتیجه، شروع به جستجوی منابع مالی جدید کرده و متوجه شدهاند که همکاری با صنایع ممکن است گزینه مناسبی برای تکمیل طرحهای تحقیقاتی آنها باشد. از طرف دیگر، صنایع به دلیل توسعه سریع فناورانه و جهانی شدن مجبور به سرعت بخشیدن به فرآیندهای نوآوری خود شدهاند. پژوهش حاضر مطالعهای کاربردی، توسعهای است و رویکرد توصیفی دارد که به شیوه فراترکیب و با تحلیل دادههای کتابخانهای با روش شش مرحلهای سندلوسکی و باروسو در مرور نظاممند مطالعات پیشین انجام گرفته است. در این شیوه پژوهش، با تکنیک تحلیل محتوا و کدگذاری باز و محوری به بررسی یافتههای مطالعات موجود پرداخته میشود. در مطالعه حاضر با اجرای فرآیند جستجو و تحلیل مقالات تعداد ۶۷ مقاله از پایگاههای داده WOS و SCOPUS شناسایی و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل و کدگذاری قرار گرفت. از تحلیل محتوای مقالات انتخاب شده تعداد ۳۴ کد مفهومی و ۶ مقوله اصلی شناسایی گردید. برای این اساس مقولههای اصلی شناسایی شده عبارتند از: اهداف همکاری، مدیریت مالکیت فکری، مکانیزمهای همکاری، بازیگران و ذینفعان، موانع و چالشها، عوامل موفقیت. بر اساس این ابعاد همکاری صنعت و دانشگاه قابل بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل است. مزایای متعددی را در همکاری و تعامل بین دانشگاه و صنایع میتوان مشاهده کرد. همکاری دانشگاه و صنعت به شرکتها این امکان را میدهد تا مشکلات خود را حل نمایند، از طرف دیگر برای دانشگاه این فرصت را فراهم میکند که تجربیات ارزشمند و مشکلات دنیای واقعی را درک نموده و به زمینههای پژوهشی جدید دست یابند. هم دانشگاهها و هم صنایع انتظارات زیادی از برقراری این مشارکت و نتایجی که ممکن است از این همکاری حاصل شود، دارند. اشتراک دانش و منابع و امکانات مختلف در فرآیند این همکاری، به عنوان راهی برای کمک به شرکتها برای رقابتیتر شدن و ارتقای آموزش، نوآوری و دستیابی به منابع پایدارتر برای دانشگاهها مطرح میباشد.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
A Comprehensive Framework for Analyzing Industry-University Collaboration
نویسندگان [English]
- Mahdi Pakzad bonab 1
- Ehsan Ehteshamnejad 2
- Mostafa Mohsenikiasari 3
- Zohreh Nikroy 4
1 Policy Evaluation & STI Monitoring, National Research Institute for Science Policy, Tehran 1435894461, Iran
2 Science, Technology and Innovation Economics and Financing, National Research Institute for Science Policy, Tehran 1435894461, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Mazandaran University, Mazandaran, Iran
4 Student of Science and Technology Policy, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Mazandaran University, Mazandaran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Collaboration between universities and industry means crossing legal, organizational, and other cultural boundaries between the two parties. Among the various forms of inter-organizational partnership, collaboration between universities and industry has been proposed as a potentially powerful option for stimulating technological advancements and innovation through increased knowledge flow across different industrial sectors and stimulating private sector investments in research and development. University-industry collaboration (UIC) can be considered a win-win technique that benefits both parties. Universities have recently experienced a decrease in public funding and an increase in competition from other research organizations. As a result, they have begun searching for new financial resources and have realized that collaboration with industries might be a suitable option to complement their research projects. On the other hand, industries have been forced to accelerate their innovation processes due to rapid technological development and globalization. The present study is applied and developmental with a descriptive approach that has been conducted in a systematic review of previous studies using Sandelowski and Barroso's six-stage method and library data analysis through meta-synthesis. In this research method, the findings of existing studies are examined using content analysis and open and axial coding techniques. In the current study, through the search process and analysis of articles, 67 articles were identified and analyzed from the WOS and SCOPUS databases. From the content analysis of the selected articles, 34 conceptual codes and 6 main categories were identified. The main identified categories include: collaboration objectives, intellectual property management, collaboration mechanisms, actors and stakeholders, barriers and challenges, success factors. Based on these dimensions, the collaboration between industry and university can be examined and analyzed. Numerous benefits can be seen in collaboration and interaction between universities and industries. University-industry collaboration allows companies to solve their problems, and on the other hand, provides universities with the opportunity to understand valuable experiences and real-world problems and access new research areas. Both universities and industries have high expectations from establishing this partnership and the results that may arise from this collaboration. Sharing knowledge and various resources and facilities in this collaboration process is proposed as a way to help companies become more competitive and to enhance education, innovation, and access to more sustainable resources for universities.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Industry-University Collaboration
- Company-University Collaboration
- Intellectual Property
- Triple Helix
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