قابلیت‌های استراتژیک هوش مصنوعی برای مدیریت استراتژیک هوشمند: چارچوب توسعه‌یافته از طریق مطالعه دلفی اصلاح‌شده

حسن  فاضل الذبحاوي; نسرین   راضی; محمد فاریابی; سجاد  نقدی

Authors

Hasan Fadhil AL-Thabhawee PhD student, Department of Strategic Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2740-9100
Nasrin Razi Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Tabriz University,Tabriz, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2144-1174
Mohammad Faryabi Associate Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz Tabriz, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0844-8743
Sajjad Naghdi Associate Professor, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Tabriz Tabriz, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1899-0957

Keywords:

Artificial intelligence, strategic management, education sector, smart strategic management, The Delphi Method, Methodological Review

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive Strategic Artificial Intelligence Capability Framework (SAICF) for intelligent strategic management in public universities. The study employed a qualitative, two-stage design integrating a structured literature review with a three-round modified Delphi procedure. Literature published between 1985 and 2026 was searched in Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar, and eligible studies were subjected to directed qualitative content analysis to identify preliminary strategic AI capability indicators. The resulting indicators were subsequently evaluated by a purposively selected panel of 20 experts with expertise in strategic management, artificial intelligence and digital transformation, public administration, or higher-education management. Across the Delphi rounds, experts assessed the relevance, clarity, importance, and conceptual placement of the indicators. Consensus was examined using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance and the chi-square test. The second Delphi round demonstrated statistically significant and strong expert concordance regarding the retained indicators (Kendall’s W = 0.821, χ² = 741.213, df = 27, p < .001). In the final round, concordance remained consistently strong across the validated capability domains, with Kendall’s W values ranging from 0.79 to 0.87 and an overall framework coefficient of 0.82. The resulting framework comprised Strategic Data Intelligence, Advanced AI for Strategic Foresight and Analytics, AI-Driven Strategic Decision-Making, Strategic Intelligent Automation, Strategic Human–AI Integration, Responsible AI Governance, and AI-Enabled Strategic Innovation. Strategic Data Intelligence demonstrated the strongest expert concordance, followed by Advanced AI for Strategic Foresight and Analytics. The validated SAICF indicates that effective AI-enabled strategic management requires an integrated organizational capability architecture combining data intelligence, advanced analytics, strategic decision support, intelligent automation, human–AI collaboration, responsible governance, and innovation rather than reliance on isolated technological applications.

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